The
Zenith Phonevision system became the first pay-per-view system tested in the United States of America. Developed in 1949, it used telephone lines to take and receive orders as well as to de-scramble a broadcast signal. Phonevision field-tests ran for 90 days in
Chicago. In 1950, Skiatron tested its Subscriber-Vision system on
WOR in
New York City. The system used IBM
punch cards to de-scramble a signal broadcast during the broadcast station's "off-time". Both systems showed promise, but were denied permits by the FCC <SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-0>
[1]</SUP>
One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable, the Optical Systems
Channel 100, first saw service in 1972 in
San Diego through Mission Cable<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-1>
[2]</SUP> (acquired by
Cox Communications) and TheaterVisioN, which ran out of
Sarasota, Florida. These early systems quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as flat-rate systems like
Home Box Office became popular.
Pay-per-view first became popular when the
NBA's
Portland Trail Blazers began using the system after winning the
championship in the 1977 season.<SUP class=reference id=cite_ref-2>
[3]</SUP> It operated through a few pay-TV services such as
Z Channel,
SelecTV, and
ON-TV in select markets throughout the 1980s.
The first major pay-per-view event<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> occurred on September 16, 1981, when
Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the
Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in
Nashville, Tennessee, the first system to offer the event, sold over fifty percent of its subscribers for the fight.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, the event proved such a success that Viacom themed its
annual report for that year around it.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> Viacom's Marketing Director was Pat Thompson who put together the fight and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a Broadway play.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP>
After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of
Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983: Tennessee versus Alabama from
Birmingham, Alabama.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for LSU, TideVision for Alabama, and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan Football game on PPV in November 1983.
In 1985, the first U.S. cable channels devoted to pay-per-view,
Viewer's Choice,
Cable Video Store, and
Request TV began operation within days of each other.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> Viewer's Choice serviced both home satellite-dish and cable customers, while Request TV, though broadcasting to cable viewers, would not become available to dish-owners until the 1990s.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP>
The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the 1990s<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> when companies like
iN DEMAND,
HBO, and
Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions. In Demand would show movies, concerts, and other events, with prices ranging from
$3.99 to $49.99, while
HBO and
Showtime, with their
legs TVKO and
SET Pay Per View, would offer championship
boxing, with prices ranging from $14.99 to $54.99.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP>
ESPN has shown
college football and
basketball games on pay-per-view.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> The
boxing undercard Latin Fury, shown on
June 28,
2003, became
ESPN's first boxing pay-per-view
card and also the first pay-per-view boxing card held in
Puerto Rico.<SUP class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[
citation needed]</SUP> Pay-per-view has provided a
revenue stream for
professional wrestling companies like
World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE),
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA),
Ring of Honor (ROH) and
Asistencia Asesoría y Administración.
In the United States pay-per-view broadcasters transmit without advertisements, unlike almost all other broadcasters.