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Gain is actually a function of even a "Clean" amp, actually. IT's an increase in the signal itself, which can lead to distortion. Some of the earliest "electric" electric guitar functions were achieved through upping the the until the signal became distorted.
Distortion usually is the function of processing the signal, however. But it can come from bumping the gain so much you cut up the signal itself.
In terms of actual amps, I know fuck all. Four years of electronics theory, 3 of acoustics theory, but less than a year of real work with actual amps.
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