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In the past, the backup plan for such scenarios (which have occassionally threatened to, but rarely do) is to draw lots. I'm not sure what that means exactly, but that's what it's called anyway.
The one time I can remember this happening was in the 1990 world cup when Ireland and Holland had the same results (both drew their opener 1-1, their next game 0-0 and then finished by drawing 1-1 with each other). Both were through, but one team had to finish second and face Romania and one had to finish third and face West Germany. As it turned out, Ireland won the drawing of lots and reached the quarters whereas Holland lost and went out in the next round.
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